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Steps to Take When a Loved One Dies

This year, more families than usual are finding themselves grappling with the challenge of managing the affairs of a loved one who has died. Handling these tasks while mourning is hard, and often families do not have time to prepare, says the article “How to manage a loved one’s finances after they die” from Business Insider. The following are some tips to help get through this difficult time.

Someone has to be in charge. If there is a will, there should be a person named who is responsible for administering the estate, usually called the executor or personal representative. If there is no will, it will be best if one person has the necessary skills to take the lead.

When one member of a married couple dies, the surviving spouse is the usual choice. Otherwise, a family member who lives closest to the deceased is the next best choice. That person will need to get documents from the local court and take care of the residence until it is sold. Being physically nearby can make many tasks easier.

It is always better if these decisions are made before the person dies. Wills should be kept up to date, as should power of attorney documents, trusts and advance directives. When naming an executor or trustee, let them know what you are asking of them. For instance, don’t name someone who hates pets and children to be your children’s guardian or be responsible for your beloved dogs when you die.

Don’t delay. Grief is a powerful emotion, especially if the death was unexpected. It may be hard to get through the regular tasks of your day, never mind the additional work of managing an estate. However, there are risks to delaying, including becoming a target of scammers.

Get more death certificates than seems necessary. Make your life easier by getting at least a dozen certified copies, so you don’t have to keep going back to the source. Banks, brokerage houses, phone companies, utilities, credit card companies, etc., will all want to see the death certificate. While there are instances where a copy will be accepted, in many cases you will need an original, with a raised seal. In fact, in some states it is a crime to photocopy a death certificate.

Who to notify? The first call needs to be to the Social Security Administration. You may also want to send an email. If Social Security benefits continue to be paid, returning the money can turn into a time-consuming ordeal. If there are any other recurring payments, like VA benefits or a pension, those institutions need to be notified. The same is true when it comes to insurance companies, banks and credit card companies. Fraud on the credit cards of the deceased is quite common. When a notice of death is published, criminals look for the person’s credit card and Social Security numbers on the dark web. Act fast to prevent fraud.

Protect the physical property. Secure the home right away. Are there plants to be watered or pets that need care? Take pictures, create an inventory and consider changing locks. Take any valuables out of the house and place in a secure location. If the house is going to be empty, make sure to take care of the property to avoid any deterioration.

Paying the bills. Depending on the person’s level of organization, you’ll have to identify where the money is and if anything is being paid automatically. Old tax returns can be helpful to identify income sources. Figure out what accounts need payment, like utilities.

Some accounts are distributed directly to beneficiaries, like transfer-on-death accounts like 401(k)s, IRAs and life insurance policies. Joint bank accounts and real property held in joint tenancy will pass directly to the joint owner. The executor’s role is to inform the institutions of the death, but not to distribute funds.

File tax returns. You’ll have to do the final taxes, due on April 15 of the year after death. If taxes weren’t filed for any prior years, the executor has to do those as well.

Consider getting help. An estate planning lawyer can help with the administration of an estate, if it becomes overwhelming. Regardless of who handles this process, expect the tasks to take anywhere from six months to two years, depending on the complexity of the estate.

Reference: Business Insider (May 2, 2020) “How to manage a loved one’s finances after they die”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

Naming an Advance Designee for Social Security

For many years, people have had the right to designate an agent to handle a number of different legal, business and medical matters. That includes finances, medical decisions, wills and even funerals. What Americans have not been able to do until now, says the article “Social Security and you: New Advance Designation for Representative Payee” from The Dallas Morning News, is designate an agent to handle Social Security benefits.

As of April 6, 2020, the Social Security Administration announced that there is a new option that lets a recipient make an Advance Designation that names a person to serve as your “representative payee.” This is a really big deal, but it hasn’t received too many headlines.

Maybe that’s because under this law, anyone could apply to be a representative payee, receiving someone else’s Social Security payment and using it to pay the recipient’s living expenses. There’s a lot of room for abuse.

The best way forward? Make a decision and name a person while you have capacity. The Advance Designation option is only available to “capable” adults and emancipated minors who are applying for or receiving Social Security benefits, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Special Veterans Benefits.

A Social Security recipient can name as many as three people, who could serve as a representative payee if the need arises. There’s a lot of flexibility: you can withdraw your choices, change the order of the three people and name new people at any time. Just in case anyone forgets who they named, Social Security is going to send a notice each year, listing advance designees for review.

How will it work? When the SSA believes a person needs help managing benefits, they will contact the advance designees. The SSA reserves the right to discard your choices and make its own appointment.

How do you make the designation? Go online to the SSA website, especially now when phone, in-person and in writing are all either backlogged or not possible to do right now. After you’ve created and successfully logged into the mysocialsecurity website, you’ll see a box titled “Advance Designation of Representative Payee.” It will be towards the bottom of the page. You’ll need the name, phone number and a description of the relationship you have with the person.

Who should you name? The SSA prefers family members, friends or qualified organizations. Your choices should be made carefully. The people you name need to be trustworthy, good with finances, organized and have no prior felonies. They will need to be able to maintain good records and receipts and be available and responsive, if the SSA requests an audit or an in-person visit.

When should you do this? How about now? Like having a will and an estate plan, this is not something that you should put off. And as you are likely at home, there’s no reason not to!

Reference: The Dallas Morning News (April 19, 2020) “Social Security and you: New Advance Designation for Representative Payee”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

Would an Early Retirement and Early Social Security Be Smart?

For older employees who are laid off as a result of the pandemic, the idea of an early retirement and taking Social Security benefits early may seem like the best or only way forward. However, cautions Forbes in the article “Should You Take Social Security Earlier Than Planned If You’re Laid Off Due to COVID-19?,” this could be a big mistake with long-term repercussions.

In the recession that began in 2008, there were very few jobs for older workers. As a result, many had no choice but to take Social Security early. The problem is that taking benefits early means a smaller benefit.

In 2009, one year after the market took a nosedive, as many as 42.4 percent of 62-year-olds signed up for Social Security benefits. By comparison, in 2008, the number of 62-year-olds who took Social Security benefits was 37.6 percent.

You can start taking Social Security early and then stop it later. However, there are other options for those who are strapped for cash.

There is a new tool from the IRS that allows taxpayers to update their direct deposit information to get their stimulus payment faster and track when to expect it. There is also a separate tool for non-tax filers.

Apply for unemployment insurance. Yes, the online system is coping with huge demand, so it is going to take more than a little effort and patience. However, unemployment insurance is there for this very same purpose. Part of the economic stimulus package extends benefits to gig workers, freelancers and the self-employed, who are not usually eligible for unemployment.

Consider asking a family member for a loan, or a gift. Any individual is allowed to give someone else up to $15,000 a year with no tax consequences. Gifts that are larger require a gift tax return, but no tax is due. The amount is simply counted against the amount that any one person can give tax free during their lifetime. That amount is now over $11 million. By law, you can accept a loan from a family member up to $10,000 with no paperwork. After that amount, you’ll need a written loan agreement that states that interest will be charged – at least the minimum AFR—Applicable Federal Rate. An estate planning attorney can help you with this.

Tap retirement accounts—gently. The stimulus package eases the rules around retirement account loans and withdrawals for people who have been impacted by the COVID-19 downturn. The 10% penalty for early withdrawals before age 59½ has been waived for 2020.

If you must take Social Security, you can do so starting at age 62. In normal times, the advice is to tap retirement accounts before taking Social Security, so that your benefits can continue to grow. The return on Social Security continues to be higher than equities, so this is still good advice.

Reference: Forbes (April 15, 2020) “Should You Take Social Security Earlier Than Planned If You’re Laid Off Due to COVID-19?”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

This Social Security Pit Could Be Costly and Stressful

A cautionary report about a man who simply wanted to apply for Social Security appears in a recent article from Forbes, “A Social Security Application Mistake or A Malicious Policy with Frightening Consequences?”

Last September, a man who turned 70 in November called the local Social Security office to request that his benefits be initiated when he turned 70. The Social Security employee explained to him that if he took his benefit early, he would receive a six-month retroactive payment. The problem with taking this retroactive payment, is that it establishes an earlier start date for monthly benefits. It, therefore, reduces the monthly benefit that is received for a lifetime, and eliminates the entire reason for delaying taking benefits until age 70.

The gentleman said no. He knew that this would give him more money in the short run, but less over the long haul. The article reports that Social Security seems to have a policy of contacting people close to age 70 and offering to start their benefits retroactively. This may save Social Security some money but creates a world of problems for recipients.

The man stuck to his guns, insisting that he did not want the early benefits and wanted his retirement benefit to begin on November 2019,.This meant that his first check would arrive in December 2019. Social Security benefits are always one month behind.

For whatever reason, he maintains that the Social Security employee did the exact opposite of what he wanted. She specified that his retirement benefit should begin nine months before he called, dating back to January 2019. Ever since then, the man has been trying to undo this mistake. Here’s what happened as a result:

A lump-sum payment was directly deposited into his bank account in October 2019.

He went to the Social Security office and filed a form to withdraw his initial benefit application, requesting to start his new retirement benefit as of November 2019. He was told to repay the lump sum, but to wait until he received a letter from the Mid-Atlantic Program Service Center in Philadelphia. The letter arrived December 3, and he sent a check for the exact amount and included a copy of the letter.

In October, Social Security stopped automatically deducting his Medicare Part B premium from his checking account. He realized this and began sending Medicare the premium directly. Had he not done this, he could have lost his coverage entirely.

On Jan. 10, 2020, Richard’s check was cashed.

On Feb. 20, he received a letter from Social Security stating that he could be paid the correct amount.

He immediately sent a letter requesting Social Security to immediately initiate the correct payment and to send him a corrected 1099, since he had received a 1099 from Social Security, indicating that he needed to pay federal and state taxes on the lump sum that he had wrongly been sent.

It hasn’t gotten much better for the man. Incorrect amounts have been reported to the IRS, Social Security has not sent corrected 1099s, his past benefits have not been corrected and a series of directly related issues have been created with Medicare. Meanwhile, his wife is seriously ill, and this has led to more stress than either of them needed.

Be careful when applying for Social Security benefits, and document every step of the way, just to be sure.

Reference: Forbes (April 1, 2020) “A Social Security Application Mistake or A Malicious Policy with Frightening Consequences?”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

Scammers Beef Up Efforts in a Crisis

As if the elderly didn’t have enough to endure, now comes word that scammers who typically prey on seniors are upping their game. Stating that Social Security offices around the country are closed, which is true, scammers are targeting seniors with letters threatening the suspension of their Social Security payments due to pandemic-related office closures.

It’s true that the offices across the country are closed, but Social Security employees are continuing to work, says the My Prime Time News article “Inspector General Warns Public About New Social Security Benefit Suspension Scam.”

What’s more, the Inspector General notes that the Social Security Administration (SSA) will not suspend or discontinue benefits because their offices are closed. The Inspector General has received reports that beneficiaries are receiving letters that advise them to call a phone number referenced in the letter.

Scammers then talk the callers into providing them with personal information or make arrangements for the seniors to send them retail gift cards, wire transfers, internet currency or even sending cash by mail. Otherwise, they tell the seniors that their benefits will be cut off until the office reopens.

Any communication that is received with that message, by mail, phone or email, is fraudulent and should be dismissed. Social Security will never:

• Threaten with benefit suspension, arrest or legal action, if a fine or fee is not paid,
• Promise a benefit increase or other help in return for direct payment,
• Request or even accept payment by retail gift card, wire transfer, internet currency or prepaid debt card,
• Demand secrecy about payments, or
• Send letters or reports with personally identifiable information through the U.S. Mail.

Anyone who receives a letter, text, call or email that concerns an alleged problem with a Social Security number should not respond. The challenge is that the communications sometimes include a person’s Social Security number, or contains names, addresses or other information that is accurate. This is because scammers have purchased information illegally, not because the information is legitimate. Anyone receiving any communication from Social Security that demands immediate attention or threatens the end of benefits, should not respond directly to that communication.

Instead, report the scam to the Social Security Administration through its website. If you have any doubt about the validity of the letter or email, speak with a trusted friend, family member, or estate planning attorney. Don’t fall for it—especially during these tense times.

Reference: My Prime Time News (March 28, 2020) “Inspector General Warns Public About New Social Security Benefit Suspension Scam”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

Tax Planning in Your Retirement Planning

Once you are retired, the only tax you won’t have to pay will be—can you guess? Yes, payroll taxes. However, there are plenty of other taxes to be paid, advises Forbes in the article that answers the question “What Taxes Will I Owe In Retirement?”

People who are accustomed to having employers handle income taxes throughout their working lives, are often surprised when they learn that not working does not mean you’re not paying taxes. Income is taxable, whether you are working or not. You won’t have to pay into Social Security when you retire, and Medicare becomes a premium, not a deduction from your paycheck. However, there are still taxes to be paid.

Federal income taxes range from 10 to 37 percent, depending on your income bracket and marital status. Pensions, annuities, IRA withdrawals, defined benefit plans, 457 or any other pre-tax retirement accounts will generate tax liabilities.

Is any income tax-free in retirement? Withdrawals from Roth IRAs are tax free, since you paid tax on the money before it went into these accounts. The same goes for the Roth 401(k)s.

Are there taxes on Social Security? Approximately 60% of retirees won’t owe federal income taxes on Social Security benefits. However, your Social Security benefits might be taxed, depending upon your retirement income. This tax also varies depending upon where you live. Some states tax Social Security benefits, others do not. Rental income and royalties are also counted as income.

Consumer taxes. Sales tax and property taxes will still need to be paid. For many people, property taxes are their highest tax expenses.

Is there a tax on Medicare? The Medicare Surtax, also known as the Unearned Income Medicare Contribution Surtax or NIIT, is a 3.8% Medicare tax that applies to income from investments and regular income above specific thresholds. For 2020, if you have MAGI (Modified Adjusted Gross Income) above $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly), you will have to pay NIIT. This is one that most people don’t know about, and can add up quickly, especially if you have great market returns and realized gains.

With good planning, you may be able to replace 100% or more of your pre-retirement income. In many cases, it may mean paying about the same amount in taxes as you did while working. If you do a good job of saving and have a large income during retirement, you will most likely end up paying at least some taxes on retirement income. It’s a good problem to have, but still a problem.

All of these retirement taxes add up to quite a nice tax bite, if you are not prepared for them. This is another example of how advance tax planning can make a big difference in the quality of your retirement.

Reference: Forbes (Feb. 23, 2020) “What Taxes Will I Owe In Retirement?”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

Extra Social Security Benefits for Divorced People

According to the Social Security Administration, as many as 21% of married couples depend upon their Social Security checks for at least 90% of their retirement income. The same is true for almost half of all single beneficiaries. Therefore, if you are expecting Social Security to make up the larger share of your income during retirement, don’t overlook any possible additional benefits, says the article “Divorced? You could Be Owed Extra Social Security Benefits” from The Motley Fool.

People who have been divorced may have more due them than they expect.

A married person may be eligible to receive Social Security benefits based on their spouse’s work record, even if they themselves have never worked. However, divorced people are sometimes entitled to benefits based on their ex-spouse’s records, depending upon their situation.

There are a few eligibility requirements. For starters, the marriage must have lasted at least ten years. Second, you can’t have remarried—although if your ex has remarried, this won’t affect your ability to claim based on their record. Finally, the amount received in benefits based on your own work history must be less than the amount that you’d receive in divorce benefits, based on your spouse’s record.

You’ll also need to be at least 62 to start claiming benefits, and in most cases, your ex needs to have started taking benefits before you can receive monthly benefits. There is an exception: you have been divorced for at least 24 continuous months and your spouse is eligible to receive benefits, but just hasn’t started claiming them yet.

Note that you won’t receive the full benefit amount for regular Social Security benefits or those based on your ex’s work history until you claim at your full retirement age (FRA), which is 66, 66 plus a few months or 67, depending upon your birth year. Claim earlier than that, and benefit checks will be smaller, as they would be if you were claiming your own benefits before FRA.

If you are indeed eligible to collect divorce benefits, you may be able to collect additional benefits based on the ex-spouse’s record on top of your own benefits. You won’t get both. However, what you may get is your own benefits, plus a portion—up to 50%—of the amount your ex-spouse is eligible for, if you claim at his or her FRA.

Let’s say you’re receiving $800 a month based on your work record at your FRA. Your ex is eligible to receive $2,000 at her FRA. If you meet all the right requirements, you could collect 50% of her benefits in addition to yours. You could receive $1,000 a month: your $800 and an additional $200 in divorce benefits.

Bear in mind that Social Security is a big government organization, and likely will not make this type of adjustment on your behalf. You’ll have to advocate for yourself, filing for the benefits you believe you deserve and you may need to make more than a few phone calls. However, the additional income would be well worth it.

Reference: The Motley Fool (Jan. 30, 2020) “Divorced? You could Be Owed Extra Social Security Benefits,”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

Protecting Adult Children with Disabilities

One in four Americans has some kind of disability, and an increasing number of children are being diagnosed with some form of autism. The life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased from living to age 12 in the 1940s to nearly 60 today. Most children born with cerebral palsy live into their thirties. For parents of these children, it is more important than ever to create a plan and a community, says the article “How to build support system for adult children with disabilities” from The San Diego Union-Tribune.

Financial resources and support services need to be put into place, for when parents are no longer able to provide care. Here are the key points to address:

Preserving the child’s eligibility for government assistance programs, including Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Medicaid, through the use of a Special Needs trust. Any amount of money can be placed in the trust, and the funds don’t count when determining eligibility. If parents leave money directly to a child, they will lose their ability to get SSI and Medicaid benefits.

Start early. A Third-Party Special Needs trust should be set up before the child turns 18. It doesn’t need to be funded, but it needs to be created.

Be a stickler for the rules. If the child receives SSI, money from the trust may not be used for food and housing, but it can be used for other costs, like therapies that are not covered by Medicaid, or even extras, like a cellphone or vacation. An experienced elder law attorney will be able to help the family with planning and learning the intricacies of these rules.

Name a trustee and a successor trustee. Selecting someone to manage the trust on behalf of the child is a critical decision, and not always an easy one. The trustee should be someone responsible who cares about your child’s well-being. It could be a sibling, if the relationship is good, or a family member. The person should be younger than the parents, so they will be around after the parents have passed.

Open an ABLE Account—Achieving a Better Life Experience account. These are accounts that work in much the same way as a 529 account. They can be established for a disabled person at any time, but the child must have the qualifying disability before age 26. Money from a Special Needs trust can be moved into an ABLE account, and the beneficiary can use it for any qualified disability expense.

Prepare a letter of intent or guidance. This is not a legally binding document, but rather a way of sharing information with others about your child: their preferences, routines, comfort levels and wishes. It can also be used to provide information about caregivers, medical providers and others who are a good fit with your child. You may also wish to share information about what and who they don’t like. Update the letter every year or two.

Power of Attorney. Having a power of attorney for a disabled individual is far more flexible and less costly than a conservatorship or guardianship.

Housing options. Where will your child live? That depends on what kind of disability the child has and the family’s financial resources. Ideally, the child can transition from the family home to another place while the parents are still living. If feasible, the parents could leave the family home to the child in the Special Needs trust, but they’ll also need to leave enough money for ongoing expenses and maintenance of the house. Some disabled adults live in group home settings, where counselors and other staffers help residents live on their own.

An elder care lawyer will be able to connect the family with many different resources and help with creating a Special Needs trust.

Reference: The San Diego Union Tribune (Jan. 9, 2020) “How to build support system for adult children with disabilities”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

Is It a Call from Social Security or a Scam?

If you get a call allegedly from the Social Security Administration, the chances are good that it’s a scam. Prior to disclosing any information or money, there are some steps you want to take.

CNBC’s recent article entitled “Social Security scams have caused millions of dollars in losses in 2019 alone. How you can avoid becoming a victim” explains that it’s common for an unknown caller to say that your Social Security number has been suspended or canceled.

This is the latest version of a robocall scam that the IRS warned people about in early 2019.

Other criminals attempt to convince people to pay up with cash or gift cards, in order to avoid getting arrested.

In the first six months of 2019, people filed 73,000 reports about Social Security fraud, according to the Federal Trade Commission. The losses from these calls was more than $17 million.

However, Congress is trying to stop these practices.

The House of Representatives passed a bill in early December to restrict robocalls by requiring carriers to block the numbers, without charging consumers extra money. The Senate passed a similar bill earlier this year.

Several lawmakers also asked the Social Security Administration to review scam calls purporting to come from the agency.

“While SSA has taken steps in recent months to prevent and raise public awareness about these imposter calls, we are alarmed that the scams continue to be widespread and severe,” the congressmen wrote in a letter to Andrew Saul, commissioner of the Social Security Administration.

The Social Security Administration also won’t send you an email with a “click here” link.

It is important to limit when you give out your Social Security number. You should think twice before revealing that information on healthcare forms, for example, where that information is usually unnecessary.

Reference: CNBC (Dec. 16, 2019) “Social Security scams have caused millions of dollars in losses in 2019 alone. How you can avoid becoming a victim”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899

What’s the Best Time to Take Social Security Benefits?

With the near disappearance of traditional pensions and longer life expectancies, Social Security benefits have become more important than ever to retirees. For many, Social Security benefits are the biggest asset they have. Strategically planning how and when you take these benefits, can have a big impact on your overall retirement finances. That includes coordinating benefit claims with a spouse, if you have one, knowing your full retirement age and making a conscious decision about when to take these benefits.

Kiplinger’s recent article, “Time Claims to Maximize Social Security Benefits,” says that with more baby boomers becoming eligible for Social Security benefits, some strategies for how to claim the benefits are going away. Full retirement age is also going up, and there’s the threat of curbs to future benefits.

However, the rules for claiming retirement benefits have become a little simpler. Under a law passed in 2015, those born on or after January 2, 1954 are presumed to be applying for the highest benefit for which they qualify—regardless of whether it’s their own benefit or a spousal benefit—no matter what their age is when they claim. The law also phases out the restriction on an application for spousal benefits, which could boost a couple’s total payout by tens of thousands of dollars. However, a small group of boomers still may be eligible to use it.

These important moves can help you maximize your lifetime benefits—and help your nest egg go much further. Full retirement age (FRA)—calculated by your birth year—is on a gradual slope upward from age 66 to age 67. Social Security benefits increase monthly by a small percentage from age 62 to your full retirement age. As a result, if you err and claim at age 66 when your full retirement age is really 66½, the loss won’t be significant, but it could be permanent, decreasing your benefits for a lifetime.

The rising full retirement age for Social Security means that those who claim early will see a larger benefit reduction. For those with a full retirement age of 66, claiming at 62 permanently reduces their benefits by 25%. However, for those with a full retirement age of 67, the reduction is 30%. A higher full retirement age also decreases the bonus for people who wait to claim until age 70. Those with a full retirement age of 66 can earn up to 32% extra—or 8% a year in delayed retirement credits up to age 70. People with a full retirement age of 67 can earn up to 24% extra.

Know your exact full retirement age to understand how your benefit will be affected by claiming at different ages. All the cost-of-living adjustments are also calculated on that higher amount, so you receive the benefit of compounding.

Your FRA is also important, if you’re still working when you claim. Retiring and taking Social Security benefits are two separate decisions. You can do one without doing the other. However, if you apply for benefits before your FRA while still working, your benefits will be subject to the earnings test. Early claimers will temporarily lose $1 of benefits for every $2 of earnings above $17,640 in 2019. In the year you hit FRA, the threshold is higher—in 2019, you’d temporarily forfeit $1 of benefits for every $3 of earnings above $46,920.

Here's a piece of good news: the month you reach your full retirement age, that earnings test goes away. If your plan for retirement includes continuing to work in any fashion, wait until at least after your full retirement age, or later if you can, to claim benefits.

Reference: Kiplinger (July 29, 2019) “Time Claims to Maximize Social Security Benefits”

∗ For more information about this and other similar topics, please visit: www.LambrosLawLLC.com or call us at: (401) 383-9899